Abstract

Critical success factors in time management are among the most important factors affecting projects, as dealing with time and its management is a key factor in success and failure. Therefore, the problem of time management is one of the most significant challenges faced by organizations. This study is distinguished by examining critical success factors from previous studies and deriving new factors from the knowledge area of project time management, assessing the impact of each factor on project success, which will contribute to the development of the project management body of knowledge. A sample was selected from contracting companies and consulting offices in Libya, and the opinions of over 120 individuals from the study population were surveyed. Based on statistical analysis using SPSS for a set of analyses and descriptive statistical methods, several results were reached, most notably the validity of hypotheses supporting the significance and impact of factors related to top management and organization, project team characteristics, external influences, and project management on project success. The study also confirmed the validity of hypotheses related to planning, monitoring, and control phases on project duration management. However, the hypothesis that there are no significant statistical differences among the main critical factors in terms of importance and impact was rejected.

Abstract

In a step towards overcoming the increased energy demand of residential buildings in Libya, This study presents the design of solar water heating system for an apartment in Tripoli operating by thermo siphon, to provide the households by the required hot water for the domestic purpose. In this study *f*-Chart method is used for this purpose, which is used by most researchers and professionals in the sector, due to its simplicity and ability to estimate the solar fraction (*f*), which is expressed as a percentage; is the contribution by the solar system to the average daily water heating requirements. Once *f* is calculated, the amount of solar energy that displaces conventional energy for water heating can be determined. Solar fraction depends on several factors that include, among others, hot water consumption profile, system location, orientation and tilt angle of collector, and tank size. All data for this section are based on monthly daily averages of incident solar radiation, temperature, and atmospheric conditions. Finally, this research shows the benefits that can be realized from this application, which includes the monthly and yearly amount of electrical savings and the quantities of harmful emission gases which can be avoided. Furthermore, some recommendations that support and spread the use of the solar water heating systems in Libya.

Abstract

The worldwide rise in cesarean section (CS) rates is becoming a major public health concern, and has reached the epidemic level. The aim of this study is to apply the original Robson Ten Group Classification System RTGCS to CS in Tarhuna General Hospital (TGH). This was a descriptive retrospective study, data were collected from the records of 3040 deliveries in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at (TGH) during 2016, including patients who had normal vaginal deliveries, and cesarean section deliveries*,* caesarean data were analyzed using the RTGCS, the contribution of each group to the total caesarean delivery rate, in addition to the contribution of the rate of repeat of CS following previous CS in each group was determined. The rate of CS was 36%, the largest contributor to the overall CS rate was group 5 (58%), The repeat CS for women with a previous one CS comprising (43.5%) of group 5, and this category represents 28% of the overall rate, (40.2%) of previous one CS delivered vaginally, whereas (59.7%) required a repeat CS. The success rate of vaginal birth after a previous CS for each of the following non recurrent indications of primary CS including fetal distress, postdate, prolonged labor, cephalopelvic disproportion, breech presentation, and suspected macrosomia was (37.6%), (50%), (33.3%), (30.1%), (30.7%) and (40%) respectively. Group 5 was found to be the major contributor to the overall CS rates, and a repeat CS after previous one CS make an important contributor in this group.

Abstract

We always hear the word says "money is dirty" and bacteria are everywhere in the environment and most of these microbes are harmless to humans but should the ones on money worry us? To accomplish this task, forty currently used notes samples were collected from three different areas in Tripoli city, Libya, namely public mini buses (10 samples), vegetable local market (10 samples) and harbor fish market (20 samples). These were compared with standard twenty samples note currently used from two big famous banks in Tripoli city; Alwahda bank (10 samples) and Aluma bank (10 samples). Therefor a total of 60 samples of 250 dirham notes were tested for bacterial contamination. Each currency note from collected samples was inoculated into a jar containing nutrient broth and incubated for 24 hours at 37^o^C and then any bacterial growth was streaked onto selective agar plates, these plates were examined for their bacteriological quality by routine microbiological methods in addition to biochemical bacterial identification systems. Results showed that more than 70% of money notes used by public are contaminated. The 60 quarter-Dinar notes yielded 13 bacterial isolates. Bacterial colonies were isolated from 46 notes (76.7%). 8 notes (17.4%) yielded Enterobacter cloacae, 2 notes (4.3%) Citrobacterdiversus, 6 notes (13%) Enterobacter sakazakii, 3 notes each (6.5%) of Staphylococcus species and E. coli 2, 6 notes (13%) Enterobacter agglomerans, 2 notes (4.3%) one note each (2.2%) of Klebsiella oznenae and Citrobacterfreundii, 4 notes (8.7%) non fermenting species and about 8 notes (17.4%) of other non-identified species by routine microbiological techniques. Fourteen notes (23.3%) had no significant growth. Notably paper currency notes collected from the two banks were contaminated with the same bacteria.

Abstract

All the IPCC's five reports between 1990 and 2013 concluded that we cannot expect stable climate in the future and we should prepare scenarios and strategies for the survival of humankind under the conditions of forthcoming global change. The study describes the application of statistical downscaling method (SDSM) to downscale maximum temperature data. In order to explore the SDSM method, the Kufra station in Libya has been selected as a study site to test the methodology for maximum temperature. The study included calibration and validate with large-scale atmospheric variables encompassing NCEP reanalysis data, the future estimation due to a climate scenario, which are HadCM3 A2 and HadCM3 B2. Results of downscaling show that during the calibration and validation stage, the SDSM model can be well acceptable regard its performance in the downscaling of daily maximum temperature. Trend analysis in the study area showed an increase in average annual and monthly maximum temperature, compared to the baseline period for both HadCM3A2a and HadCM3B2a scenarios in both the dry and wet seasons. The average annual maximum temperature in Kufra area is predicted to increase by 1.3°C and 1.4°C by the 2020s (2011-2040) under the A2 and B2 scenarios respectively. By the 2050s (2041-2070) the increase is predicted to be 1.4°C, 1.7°C under the both A2 and B2 scenarios. By the 2080s, (2071-2099) the average annual maximum temperature is predicted to increase by 1.9 °C and 1.4°C under A2 and B2. However, there is likely to be a significant warming in local surface temperature, which is enough for a significant change on the energy balance and is likely to affect water availability.

Abstract

Temporary hemodialysis (HD) catheter is required mostly in acute and chronic renal failureandother cases. HD catheter is not free of complications. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the common complications occur during HD-catheter insertion and during the first 30-days of insertion. Methods: two hundred-ten patients had temporary HD catheter been inserted in Central Hospital (Tripoli) and in near other private clinics. Patients had questionnaire that prepared about the complications. They were divided into three groups according to the site of HD catheter insertion at presentation. The complications detected by patients and/or following up doctors reported in the same questionnaire. Data was collected at the end of 30 days after HD-catheter insertion and analyzed for demographic patients feature, and the complications reported at insertion and during the first 30 days. Results: Randomly allocated patients as they were presented. Group A: 95 patients had catheter at the jugular veins. Group B: 73 patients had femoral vein canalization and group C: 42 patients had subclavian vein catheterization. Pain at the site of insertion and during the first 12 hours was common complications (72.9%) and pain around the insertion site reported by 48.6% patients. Infection at the site of insertion reported in 38.6% of patients. Femoral vein catheterization entrance site infection was reported in 55.6%, at subclavian in 18.5% and at jugular veins in25.9% patients. Catheter tunnel infection was reported in 5.2% patients. Catheter tunnel infection was more with femoral catheter. Arterial or venous HD catheter lumen blockage reported in 21.9%. Two lumens blockage reported in 61 29% patients. Bleeding from the entrance site of the catheter reported during HD sessions reported in 4.8% patients. Hematoma at insertion site or around it was reported in 24.8% patients. It was more after femoral vein catheterization (53.8%) followed by jugular (34.6%) then subclavian catheterization (11.5%) patients. In conclusion, pain and infection at the insertion site were the commonest complications of HD catheter insertion. Reducing rate of these complications depends mainly upon implanting strict septic techniques,and train doctors and nurses about HD insertion complications and care.