Abstract

This study aims to identify the geographical factors influencing the decline in palm production in Hun City. The importance of this research lies in the fact that Hun’s geographical location and semi-arid to arid climate are suitable for palm cultivation, making the decline in production an issue worthy of investigation. The researcher chose this topic to understand the types of geographical factors contributing to reduced productivity and to assess the role of government and local efforts in preserving palm production. Palm trees are vital in desert and semi-desert regions, symbolizing life and resilience. They are among the oldest cultivated trees, known for their ability to withstand drought and high salinity levels (up to 3000 ppm) without significant impact on yield. Palm cultivation is widespread in Libya, especially in the southern oases (Al-Jufra, Murzuq, Jalu, Awjila), which are among the most productive areas. Although the geographical conditions in Al-Jufra are favorable, date production has decreased due to both natural and human factors. The study employed historical, analytical, and descriptive methods, with a sample of 30 farmers from the area. The main findings include: • A shortage of essential agricultural inputs such as fertilizers and financial loans. • Lack of agricultural extension services and technical guidance for farmers. • Favorable climatic conditions for developing palm cultivation. The study recommends: • Facilitating agricultural loans to expand palm plantations. • Providing better care for existing palms. • Increasing the presence of agricultural engineers and advisors to improve farmer awareness and productivity.

Abstract

In recent years, the Libyan economy has experienced a continuous increase in food commodity prices due to several factors that have widened the gap between production and consumption, coupled with growing human needs and the relative scarcity of natural resources. This study aims to forecast the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for food commodities in Libya during the period 2025–2030, using monthly data from January 2004 to March 2024, based on information from the Bureau of Statistics and Census and the Central Bank of Libya. To achieve its objectives, the research employed statistical and mathematical methods, including descriptive measures, trend equations, and the double exponential smoothing model. The results indicated that the double exponential smoothing model provided the best forecasting performance according to several criteria, notably the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Theil’s U coefficient. The analysis revealed a continued upward trend in the CPI for food commodities, which is expected to reach approximately 388% by the end of 2030. Based on these findings, the study recommends enhancing the balance between supply and demand for food products, increasing investment opportunities, stabilizing the exchange rate, and strengthening the role of research, particularly in the field of agricultural production.

Abstract

Many urban areas are exposed to various disasters—both natural and industrial. With the increasing complexity of urban systems and the diversity of economic, social, and political structures, as well as technological and scientific development, the impacts of disasters and wars have become more severe and widespread than before. Disasters now affect nearly every aspect of life, causing significant human and material losses, population displacement, and economic disruption. These impacts are further exacerbated when not addressed through proper scientific strategies and disaster management frameworks. This study aims to examine the experiences and strategies adopted by various countries in post-war and post-disaster reconstruction within urban areas. It employs descriptive and analytical approaches to analyze urban disaster management and identify effective international practices. The research assumes that learning from global experiences in disaster management contributes to recognizing successful practices that can enhance effective urban governance for areas affected by wars and disasters, and to formulating appropriate strategies for reconstruction and recovery. The study focuses on the case of Benghazi City, where both direct and indirect impacts of wars and disasters exist amid the absence of comprehensive strategies to address them. The research concludes with findings and recommendations aligned with its objectives.

Abstract

Methods of disposing of household solid waste in the area of the city of Tripoli are considered one of the permanent environmental challenges, especially since the area has witnessed dramatic demographic growth and rapid expansion of residential areas and their random extensions in recent years, which results in an increase in the amount of daily household waste and results in negative environmental impacts. In order to optimally manage the issue and reduce the worsening problems of waste accumulation, poor management, and protect the environment, scientific research and studies should have been carried out. These studies rely on modern technologies with effective analysis tools such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to evaluate and monitor the effect of household waste on soil, air, and water pollution. The sciences of Remote Sensing (RS) and GIS programs play an essential role in planning and management, as geospatial techniques support decision-makers with all the information data, spatial analysis, and maps with less time and effort, in order to propose sustainable development projects and suitable urban planning to solve environmental and economic problems within societies. The paper aims to clarify the importance of the use of GIS techniques in solid waste management and to help decision-makers select the proper site for sanitary landfills within the study area. The spatial analysis tools in GIS ArcGIS 10.8 program have been used to select the best suitable sites for establishing waste dumping areas. The locations are linked to several environmental, economic, hydrologic, and topographic aspects, such as distance from lakes and valleys, distance from the main road, and the level of the underground water, along with other factors and standards adopted in the international Basel Convention on site selection, design, and operation of solid waste landfills.