Abstract

This paper introduces a novel method for solving tri- component interval-valued Neutrosophic linear systems. Building upon fundamental concepts of Neutrosophic sets, including tri-component interval numbers and their algebraic operations, we first derive a generalized matrix representation for systems with n linear equations with m unknowns in this uncertain environment. The core contribution of this work is the development of a generalized Cramer’s rule tailored for these Neutrosophic systems, providing ananalytical framework for obtaining solutions under conditions of incompleteness, inconsistency, and indeterminacy. The efficacy and robustness of the proposed method are demonstrated through compassing numerical examples, encompassing binary\ and a generalized system cases. These examples illustrate all possible types of solution: unique solution, no solution, and infinitely many solutions. This research focuses on the theoretical and analytical aspects of solving Neutrosophic systems, relying on Cramer’s rule to find abstract mathematical solutions.

Abstract

Livestock, particularly sheep, play an important role in supporting both livelihoods and the economy in many parts of the world. However, gastrointestinal parasitic infections remain one of the major health problems affecting sheep production. These infections are more commonly seen in young animals, older sheep, and those that are immunocompromised or already suffering from other diseases. The severity of parasitism depends on several factors, including the type of parasite, its life cycle, and the condition of the host animal. In Libya, there is still limited information available regarding gastrointestinal parasites in sheep. For this reason, the present study was carried out to assess the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among sheep in Tripoli and to evaluate some associated risk factors.A cross-sectional study was conducted using 240 fecal samples collected from sheep on 23 farms distributed across six municipalities in Tripoli (Al-Swani, Janzur, Al-Garabulli, Tajura, Qasr Bin Ghashir, and Sidi Salim). The samples were examined using flotation and McMaster egg-counting techniques. Overall, 81.25% of the examined samples were positive for at least one type of gastrointestinal parasite. Strongyle-type eggs were the most frequently detected (79.2%). The highest infection rates were recorded in Al-Swani (93.5%) and Janzur (84.0%). Nematodirus eggs were found in 13.8% of the samples, with Sidi Salim showing the highest rate (36.1%). Eimeria oocysts were detected in 13.3% of the samples, and Janzur had the highest prevalence (34.0%). Monieziaexpansa and Monieziabenedeni eggs were identified in 9.2% and 1.3% of samples, respectively. Age and body condition were significantly associated with infection. Sheep under one year of age showed higher infection rates (86.3% in females and 72.4% in males; P = 0.016). Animals with poor body condition were all infected (100%), compared with those in medium (87%) and good (61%) body condition. Sheep that received regular preventive anthelmintic treatment had lower infection rates. In conclusion, gastrointestinal parasitic infections are highly prevalent among sheep in Tripoli, with rates appearing higher than those reported in some neighboring countries. These findings highlight the need for regular monitoring and improved parasite control strategies to reduce economic losses and improve animal health.

Abstract

Numerous epidemiological studies on obese adults have found significant correlations between various anthropometric indicators and hypertension; however, there is limited information on non-obese adults. This study investigated the relationship between several anthropometric indices, including body mass index (BMI), waist-height ratio (WHtR), waist-hip ratio (WHpR), waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC), and the risk of hypertension. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 140 non-obese adults (75 male and 65 female) over 25 years of age. Data was collected from five areas (Sahal al Sharqi, Bab Tobruk, Saiha, Sahal Al-Garbi, and Al-Blad) in Derna City. All participants were non-obese, normotensive, and not using any medications that affect energy regulation. The study employed multiple regression analysis, partial correlation, and descriptive statistics to compare anthropometric measures and blood pressure parameters. The findings indicated correlations between systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in relation to anthropometric indices. Certain measures demonstrated significant correlations with all blood pressure parameters, whereas others exhibited weaker associations. The study found that waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was consistently correlated with SBP, DBP, and MABP in males. In females, waist circumference (WC) showed a consistent correlation with systolic blood pressure (SBP). These findings suggest that WHtR and WC could be valuable indicators for the potential development of high blood pressure.

Abstract

Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a major healthcare-associated infection that contributes to increased morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and higher healthcare costs. Nurses play a central role in implementing preventive measures in accordance with evidence-based guidelines. This study aimed to assess nurses’ practices regarding SSI prevention in teaching hospitals in Tripoli, Libya, and to identify associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2025 using a validated self-administered questionnaire. A total of 80 registered nurses participated in the study. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the associations between demographic variables and SSI prevention practices. High adherence was observed in antiseptic use (92.5%) and hand hygiene practices (87.5%). However, deficiencies were identified in training related to surgical hair removal, the timely administration of prophylactic antibiotics, and the assessment of body mass index. Professional experience and work department were significantly associated with better adherence to preventive practices (p < 0.05). The findings highlight the need for structured training programs and strengthened institutional infection control policies to improve compliance with evidence-based practices for the prevention of surgical site infections.

Abstract

In this study, an extract of coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum) was used on a group of patients with prediabetes (20 cases) attending specialized clinics in the city of Tripoli, Libya. They were compared with a similar group (20 cases) who did not consume the coriander seed extract, in order to verify the suitability of using this plant as a natural alternative to manufactured pharmaceutical drugs for combating diabetes. The biological effect of the coriander seed extract was evaluated through medical analyses that included: HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin), fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin level, insulin resistance, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol. The study demonstrated statistically significant differences between the results of the cases that consumed the coriander seed extract and those that did not, across all analyses in general. The results also proved that coriander seed extract can be used to improve blood sugar and lipid levels in the short term (30 days) and medium term (60 days) for patients with type 2 diabetes. The results indicate that after 60 days of consuming coriander seed extract, the levels of glycated hemoglobin and blood lipids followed this order: after two months of extract consumption < after one month of consumption < without consumption. It was possible to bring the HbA1c level of most cases to the normal range (≈ 6.5) after consuming coriander seed extract for 60 consecutive days, at the dosages specified in the protocol defined by the study. The results showed that the reduction rate in fasting blood sugar ranged between 19.83% and 20.11% in the cases that consumed the coriander seed extract, while the increase rate in fasting blood sugar levels ranged between 4.67% and 15.05% for the cases and groups that did not consume the extract. A relative stability in insulin levels was observed in many of the studied cases, despite a gradual decrease in insulin resistance rates among those who consumed the extract for two consecutive months. After two months of coriander seed extract consumption, LDL levels decreased by 15.6% to 16.25%, TG reduction ranged between 14.89% and 24.28%, while total cholesterol decreased by more than 11.5%. The results also demonstrated that the effect of dietary modification alone did not exceed 0.4% for patients with prediabetes.

Abstract

In this research, we studied the concept of Green's function and its use in solving differential equations. In this study, we highlight some applications of Green's functions in applied sciences to emphasize their importance, as they significantly contribute to simplifying the process of finding precise and clear solutions to problems, particularly in boundary value and initial value problems, the wave equation, the diffusion equation, as well as Laplace's and Poisson's equations.